The Army Cyclist Corps was a corps of the British
Army active during the First
World War, and controlling the Army's bicycle
infantry.
Volunteer
cyclist units had been formed as early as the 1880s, with the first complete
bicycle unit (the 26th Middlesex Rifle Volunteers) being raised in 1888.
Cyclists were employed on an intermittent basis during the South African War - whilst they were
not deployed as organised combat formations, the bicycle was found to be
invaluable for reconnaissance and communications work, being lighter, quieter,
and logistically much easier to support than horses. When the Haldane reforms in 1908 reorganised
the volunteers into the Territorial Force, nine battalions of
cyclists were formed - one from the 26th Middlesex, five from volunteer
infantry battalions, and three newly raised.
- 25th (County of London) (Cyclist) Battalion, The London
Regiment (from the 26th Middlesex)
- 10th (Cyclist) Battalion, The Royal Scots
- 5th (Cyclist) Battalion, The East
Yorkshire Regiment
- 8th (Cyclist) Battalion, The Royal Highland Regiment (The Black Watch); later the Highland Cyclist Battalion
- 6th (Cyclist) Battalion, The Norfolk
Regiment
- 7th (Cyclist) Battalion, The Welsh Regiment
- 8th (Cyclist) Battalion, The Northumberland
Fusiliers; later the Northern Cyclist
Battalion
- 6th (Cyclist) Battalion, The Queen's Own
(Royal West Kent Regiment);
later the Kent Cyclist Battalion
- The Essex and Suffolk Cyclist Battalion
A tenth, the 7th (Cyclist)
Battalion, The Devonshire Regiment, was raised later
in 1908; in 1910, the Essex and Suffolk Cyclist Battalion split into the 8th
(Cyclist) Battalion, The Essex Regiment and the 6th (Cyclist)
Battalion, The Suffolk Regiment; in 1911, the 6th
(Cyclist) Battalion, The Royal Sussex Regiment and 9th
(Cyclist) Battalion, The Hampshire Regiment were formed; and in
early 1914, the Huntingdonshire Cyclist Battalion was formed. On the eve of the
First World War, the Territorial Force thus stood at a strength of
fourteen cyclist battalions. Ten of these were Territorial battalions of
regular infantry regiments, whilst four - the Huntingdonshire, Highland,
Northern and Kent Cyclists - were independent battalions without regimental
affiliation.
None
of the territorial units saw service overseas in the first months of the war,
all being used for coastal defence work inside the United
Kingdom. In 1915, the Army Cyclist Corps
was founded to encompass these battalions; it later extended to cover a dozen
more battalions raised from second-line yeomanry regiments which had been converted to cyclists.
Most
units of the Corps served out their time in the United Kingdom, providing
replacement drafts to infantry battalions; some were converted back to
conventional infantry and saw active service, such as the Kent Cyclists (on the
North-West Frontier) or the 10th Royal
Scots (in northern Russia).
Formed
units of the Corps were not sent overseas; this was done in small groups of
men, with the divisions possessing individual cyclist companies and composite
battalions later formed at corps level. These were rarely committed to action,
rather being held back in preparation for the resumption of "normal"
mobile warfare. Cyclists were employed in combat, but in conditions of trench
warfare they were generally found to be ineffective. In 1918, however, with the
deadlock of the trenches overcome, cyclists once more proved invaluable for
reconnaissance.
Following
the war, cyclists were perceived to have little value, and the Corps was
disbanded in 1919; by 1922 all remaining Territorial cyclist battalions had
been converted back to conventional units.
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